1 Samuel 20:16

Authorized King James Version

So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת
made
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#2
יְהֽוֹנָתָ֖ן
So Jonathan
jehonathan, the name of four israelites
#3
עִם
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#4
בֵּ֣ית
a covenant with the house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#5
דָוִֽד׃
of David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#6
וּבִקֵּ֣שׁ
even require
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
#7
יְהוָ֔ה
saying Let the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#8
מִיַּ֖ד
it at the hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#9
אֹֽיְבֵ֥י
enemies
hating; an adversary
#10
דָוִֽד׃
of David
david, the youngest son of jesse

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Samuel, this passage highlights covenant through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of covenant connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Samuel.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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